Save The Date for the 4th Annual, Virtual, Kentucky Botanical Symposium – February 2, 2024

Coming Together to Discuss Current Botany Projects, Conservation, and Collaboration in Kentucky and Beyond

KNPS will be hosting our 4th annual, virtual, Botanical Symposium on Friday, February 2nd, from 9AM-11:30AM EST. For several years, KNPS has organized a botanical symposium in the fall/winter with a goal of bringing together professionals, citizen scientists, academics, gardeners and students in order to learn about what’s going on in the world of Kentucky Botany. Everyone interested in the native plants of Kentucky is welcome to watch the Symposium and there is no charge for this event. The Symposium will be recorded and will be made available online if you are unable to attend.

We are currently working on lining up presenters and developing the topics for the Symposium. Watch for the January Lady Slipper for details as they become available. In the meantime, you might want to watch the presentations from the 3rd Annual Botanical Symposium, the 2nd Annual Botanical Symposium, and the 1st Annual Botanical Symposium . If you have any questions, shoot us an email at KYPlants@knps.org

What to give the native plant lover who has everything this holiday season …

Give the gift of a KNPS membership!

It’s that time of year, and if you’re looking for a special gift for someone who has everything and says, “I don’t need anything,” consider a KNPS membership or swag. Your gift is sure to be a big hit because it supports the KNPS mission:

The purpose of this organization shall be to serve as a medium of fellowship and information exchange among botanists, both amateur and professional, to promote conservation of native plants and natural plant communities of Kentucky; to promote public education in botanical science; and to encourage botanical research in Kentucky.

Membership is open to everyone. Anyone who appreciates native plants and understands the importance of preserving our natural heritage is welcome! You can even purchase a gift membership for an active member — we’ll simply extend their active membership.

Some members have lifetime memberships so for those folks, consider a donation in their name.

KNPS depends entirely on volunteers and the contributions of members and friends to accomplish our goals. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.

KNPS Not Quite Winter hike is a success!

By David Taylor

On November 4, several brave hikers joined me for the Not Quite Winter Botany field trip at the Berea College Forest (Berea Woods). The day’s start was a bit chilly while waiting for everyone to arrive. Once we began to hike, we warmed and the air temperature did as well.

This is an aerial photo of Berea College Forest.
Berea College Forest. Photo Credit: Berea College

We hiked through oak forest on acids soils developed over Devonian shale, then into mixed mesophytic forest on basic soils developed over Mississippian limestone and compared forest composition. A total of about 30 woody plants — vines, shrubs and trees — were seen with about the same number of herbaceous plants, mostly forbs and some grasses.

The previous week, the area experienced temperatures below 20 for two nights in a row and several other nights around 30. We anticipated finding many plants without leaves. That was not the case. Most shrubs and trees still held leaves, as did many of the herbaceous plants. We had trouble finding fruits of plants and our trip focused on bark and leaves. Some herbaceous plants were still in flower. For example, late purple aster (Symphyotrichum patens) and others such as small-disk sunflower (Helianthus microcephalus) still had identifying remnants of inflorescences.

There was ample opportunity, unfortunately, to discuss nonnative invasive species. The trail corridor provided habitat for a number of them. Many questions were asked and we spent more time having discussions or looking for examples of specific characters than hiking.

We did not reach our goal of Indian Fort Lookout before we had to turn around due to time limitations and identification based on fruit was limited. The trip was a success just the same. Participants were able to see a variety of species, including some nonnative invasive species in winter conditions to aid identification in other places. We had good discussion and laughs and a few people will be coming back to the area in the spring to check out the wildflowers.

David has been interested in plants since elementary school. During middle and high school years, he began a list of the plants found in the fields and forest near his home. He also began to grow wildflowers in a garden that his mother soon adopted. At Berea College, he was exposed to formal botany classes and began to collect extensively (with permission) in the Berea College Forest, updating a much earlier collection. In graduate school, he completed a preliminary flora of St. Tammany and Washington Parishes, Louisiana. After teaching at Cumberland College for two years, he joined the U.S. Forest Service as Forest Botanist for the Daniel Boone National Forest. He has been in that position for more than 30 years working primarily with rare plants and nonnative invasive plants.

David has worked with the Kentucky Native Plant society for about 30 years, serving mostly as grants chairperson. He has contributed about a dozen articles to The Lady Slipper over the years. David lives outside of Berea, where he grows a variety of plants and works to remove invasive species from grown up pasture land.

From the Lady Slipper Archives: The Mistletoes

The Lady Slipper newsletter of the Kentucky Native Plant Society has been published since the Society’s founding in 1986. We occasionally feature an article from a past issue. This one, about the parasitic plants known as “mistletoes”, which first appeared in the winter of 2004, Vol. 19, No. 4, seemed appropriate for the season. If you would like to see other past issues, visit the Lady Slipper Archives, where all issues from Vol. 1, No. 1, February 1986 to Vol. 34, No. 1, Winter/Spring 2019 (after which we moved to this blog format) can be found.

The Mistletoes

by David Taylor, US Forest Service

“Mistletoe on Locust, Stephensport, Kentucky” (Breckinridge Co.)—a glass lantern slide from American Environmental Photographs, 1891–1936, [#AEP-KYS9], Department of Special Collections, University of Chicago Library.

As autumn fades into winter, dark green clumps perched in trees along roads and fencerows, stand out once again. Some trees, especially black cherry, now exhibit gnarled or stub branches, the telltale sign of a current or past infestation, even if the plant is unseen. Birds may be seen plucking white berries from the clumps, and occasionally a person may be seen scouting trees from which to gather some at a later date. The object of attention?— mistletoe.

In Kentucky and neighboring states, we think of the thick-leaved, usually dark green plant we see growing in hardwood trees in towns and along country roads. This is only one of many species of plants known as mistletoe. Before returning to the mistletoe familiar to us, we will take a survey of the mistletoes.

Mistletoe Families

The plants commonly known as mistletoes belong to one of two families, the Loranthaceae and the Viscaceae. Two other less familiar families of ‘mistletoes’ are the Eremolepidaceae and the Misodendraceae. All have in common a hemiparasitic relationship with a host plant, almost always a woody plant. Hemiparasites derive water, minerals, and occasionally food (sugars) from the host plant, but are photosynthetic and produce at least part of their own food. The lesser known families are briefly mentioned first.

Continue reading From the Lady Slipper Archives: The Mistletoes →

KNPS Fall Meeting at John James Audubon SP

On Saturday, October 28, 2023, KNPS members and friends came together for a day of botanical education and exploration at John James Audubon SP, in Henderson, KY. The forests and wetlands around Audubon State Park was the home of the famed naturalist, ornithologist, and painter, John James Audubon, and the park museum features the largest collection of original Audubon art in the world in addition to personal artifacts about his life.

The surrounding forest along the bluffs of the Ohio River is mature, almost old growth in nature with some trees more than 200 years old. Approximately half of the property has been dedicated as a State Nature Preserve. At least 61 species of trees and more than 200 wildflowers have been documented from the site. The north facing, mesic forests are dominated by American Beech, sugar maple, and American basswood whereas the more south facing slopes are dominated by sugar maple, various oaks, and tulip tree. At least 169 bird species have been observed in the park.

Continue reading KNPS Fall Meeting at John James Audubon SP →

A Brief Guide to Collecting, Processing, and Germinating Native Seeds 

By Jonathan O.C. Kubesch1,2, Dillon P. Golding1,3, Frank P. Reith1,2, Joseph D. House4, Ezra Staengl1,5, and Jenna E. Beville1 

  1. Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 
  2. Country Home Farms, Pembroke, VA 
  3. Hoot Owl Hollow Farm, Woodlawn, VA 
  4. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 
  5. Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources and Environment, Blacksburg, VA 

Embarking on the journey of collecting, processing, and germinating native seeds can be both educational and rewarding. Whether your goal is to create a native backyard, cultivate ornamental natives, restore a natural plant community, or contribute to the conservation of indigenous plants, this guide will walk you through the essential steps and direct you to resources that improve the experience and the establishment of your native plants.  

Challenges exist for many native plants, such as small wild populations, limited seed production, and even a lack of knowledge on how to handle collected seeds (Center for Plant Conservation [CPC], 2019). This guide walks through a seed collecting example to help guide your seed collecting project.  

Setting Your Goal 

Before you delve into the world of native seed collection, it’s crucial to define your purpose. Are you looking to establish a thriving native garden in your backyard, cultivate a visually appealing ornamental native, restore an ecosystem, or contribute to the conservation of local plant species? Understanding your goal will shape your approach and guide your efforts. 

For informal or backyard gardening, many native plants are commercially available, and can be purchased rather than collected from the wild. These species are typically grown in greenhouses with ideal conditions unlike natural stands.  

Collecting threatened or endangered plants without rigorous permission or planning is not condoned by the Kentucky Native Plant Society (KNPS), the Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves, or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  

Another option would be working with private landowners to procure seed. Be sure to coordinate with the landowner far in advance of your intended seed collection, not only to obtain permission, but also so that they do not use the land for another purpose and disrupt the seed production. Landowners might be more keen to set this land, or a section of their land, aside for your seed collection if you offer to share some of the collected seed with them. Plant conservation projects can be extremely rewarding and benefit greatly from citizen scientists and landowners. The KNPS actually offers several student and public research grants that support plant conservation and propagation for Kentucky plants.  

For the farmer or land manager, your goals will be considerably different. Whether you want to be more environmentally friendly with your operation or wish to reap the benefits that come with adding natives to your landscape, species selections and subsequent collections should be tailored to function.  

First and foremost, a farm is a business and has to be treated as such.  Luckily, some native plants can improve the profitability of your farm. Converting a property entirely into natives may be a lofty goal, especially given limited seed availability. Consider transforming a smaller section of your land into natives and try it out. See how you, your livestock, and the wildlife enjoy it and then decide what is best for your operation.  

There are many natives that are beautiful and agriculturally productive, but, the bulk of research has coalesced around the big four: switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans). The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service considers these four grasses valuable for both livestock feed and ecosystem services and are what the authors recommend for the skeptical farm owner to try.  

There are guides which tell which of these four species to plant in different environments. You could greatly increase the forage value of the stand by also planting clover (Trifolium spp; preferably but not necessarily native) alongside the native grasses. Clovers enhance the nutritive value and provide nutrients through nitrogen fixation.  

Continue reading A Brief Guide to Collecting, Processing, and Germinating Native Seeds  →

Kentucky Invasive Plant Council’s 2023 Annual Conference

By: Heidi Braunreiter, KNPS Director

The Kentucky Invasive Plant Council (KY-IPC) hosted their annual conference on November 2, 2023 at Kentucky State University’s Research and Demonstration Farm in Frankfort, KY. This was the first time KY-IPC hosted an in-person conference since the event started virtually in 2021, with over 150 people in attendance. The conference was a great opportunity for land management professionals, private landowners, natural area volunteers/stewards, researchers, and nonprofits from across Kentucky to get together to discuss the latest news and emerging threats here in the state and to earn continuing education units (CEU’s) for their pesticide license.


2023 KY-IPC Conference at KSU’s Research & Demonstration Farm in Frankfort, KY

This year’s conference was split into indoor presentations and outdoor demonstrations. Some of the topics discussed included managing invasives when installing native grasslands, biological controls of invasive plants (garlic mustard aphid and honeysuckle leaf blight), invasive species to watch for (spotted lanternfly, Japanese chaff flower, amur cork tree, and overlooked invasive plants along fire breaks), and a case study of aerial spraying of bush honeysuckle at Clay WMA. Demonstrations included using drones for invasive plant monitoring and management, research plots of invasive plant management at KSU Farm, and invasive plant management with goats.

Another highlight of the annual event was to recognize people and places that are doing great work towards invasive species eradication in the state. KY-IPC solicited nominations for three categories to recognize a professional land manager, a nonprofessional individual, and a natural area or organization.

Ryan Fortenberry, OKNP Cumberland Plateau Land Manager

The 2023 KY-IPC award recognizing a professional land management practitioner in invasive species management went to Ryan Fortenberry, the Cumberland Plateau Land Manager for Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves (OKNP). Ryan is an excellent steward of the nature preserves under his watch. He is charged with protecting many sensitive sites with high quality natural communities and rare species, which he maintains through his vigilance of looking for and eradicating invasive species before they become a problem. He also has multiple sites where the invasives were already a problem, and he has worked to eradicate those populations through his hard work and dedication.

Terri Koontz, Kentucky natural areas steward and volunteer

The 2023 KY-IPC award recognizing a nonprofessional individual went to Terri Koontz, a volunteer at several natural areas in Kentucky. When she learns of a new emerging invasive plant, she is not satisfied simply to know it exists; she goes out of her way to learn all she can about it, including why it is in invasive, how to correctly identify it, and what she can do to manage it. Terri recently learned to recognize Japanese chaff flower and took it upon herself to remove a large population behind the Gladie Visitor Center at the Red River Gorge. By sharing her passion, knowledge, and willingness to get down on the ground and work with friends and other volunteers, Terri stewards Kentucky natural areas wherever she goes.

Jimmy Woods, KDFWR Wildlife Biologist, accepting award on behalf of Clay WMA

The 2023 KY-IPC award recognizing a natural area or organization dedicated to invasive species eradication went to Kentucky Division of Fish and Wildlife Resources’s (KDFWR) Clay Wildlife Management Area. Clay WMA is one of the most intensively managed areas for wildlife habitat in Kentucky through invasive species eradication and prescribed fire. The current land manager, Jimmy Woods, wrote a three-year management plan to treat the entire WMA for bush honeysuckle, which included a 2022 aerial herbicide spraying of large tracts of the forest in collaboration with UK researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. Clay WMA has also hosted several educational field days for various groups to view and learn about large-scale management operations of invasive species.

The final highlight of KY-IPC’s 2023 annual conference was the announcement of this year’s winner of funding for a natural area boot brush station, which was awarded to Kentucky Natural Land Trust for their Blanton West Preserve near Blanton Forest State Nature Preserve in Harlan County. A boot brush station will help fight the spread of invasive species and signage will educate the public about invasive species.

To learn more and stay in tune with KY-IPC’s news and events, follow them on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KYIPC/